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하이델 베르그 요리문답 (The Heidelberg Catechism)
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네 번째 주일 (주의 날) (LORD’s Day 4)
9문) 그렇다면, 사람이 지킬 수도 없는 법을 사람에게 지키라고 요구하신 하나님께서 사람에게 불의를 행하신 것인가요?
답) 아닙니다, 하나님께서는 하나님의 법을 지킬 수 있도록 사람을 만드셨습니다. (1)
사람이 사탄의 사주를 받아 스스로의 의지로 하나님의 법에 불순종하였기에, 하나님께로 부터 받았던 자신과 모든 후손들의 은사들을 스스로 내어 던져 버린 것입니다.(2)
참조귀절들:
(1) 에베소서 4:24.
(2) 로마서 5:12.
Question 9. Does not God, then, do injustice to man by requiring of him in His Law that which he cannot perform?
Answer: No, for God so made man that he could perform it;(1) but man, through the instigation of the devil, by willful disobedience deprived himself and all his descendants of those divine gifts. (2)
Bible References:
(1) Ephesians 4:24.
(2) Romans 5:12.
1. 아담이 이런 불순종의 자리에 스스로 들어 갔다는 것을 인정한다. 야훼와 자유의지를 가지고 맺었던 언약을 스스로 깨트린 것은 다른 누구에게도 책임지울 죄가 아니다.
2. 아담은 야훼와 자기 혼자의 자격으로만 언약을 맺었던 게 아니다. 온 인류의 첫 조상이기에 인류의 법적인 대표로서 맺었던 것이기도 하다. (사도행전 17:26) 따라서 아담이 원죄를 짓는 순간, 모든 후손들이 그 안에서 원죄를 지은 것이다. (로마서 5:12) 즉 모든 인류가, 우리를 포함하여, 아담이 원죄를 지을 때, 동시에 그안에서 원죄를 같이 짓고, 야훼의 주신 은사를 내어 던진 것이다.
3. 그렇기에, 내가 스스로 첫번 째 죄를 짓기도 전에 이미, 아담의 후손으로 잉태되면서 부터, 원죄를 지은 사람으로 하나님 앞에 있게 되어, 죄를 저질렀다는 “정죄” 즉 “유죄”(Original Guilt )를 이미 선고 받은 상태였다. (시편51:7; 로마서 5:19) 이것이야 말로 원죄를 저질렀다는 하늘 법정의 공의로우신 선고를 받은 것이다. (고린도전서 5:21-23).
4. 따라서 우리는 아담 안에서 그와 함께 “원죄” (Original Sin & Guilt)를 지었다고 정죄받았으며, 그 벌로서 “본성의 타락” (Original Pollution & Corruption) 을 에덴동산에서 아담과 함께 받았다 (창세기 3:7).
5. 야훼께서 아담과 그 안에서 우리를 죄 짓도록 창조하신 게 아니다. 아담 안에서 아담과 함께 참된 의와 거룩함으로 창조된 우리가, 스스로 야훼와 자유롭게 언약을 맺었고, 사탄의 유혹을 자유롭게 스스로 진리로 믿고, 그와 언약을 마음대로(Free Will) 맺고, 야훼와의 은혜의 언약을 스스로 파기 하였던 것이다.
(1. Adam voluntarily entered the place of such a willful disobedience. Adam broke the covenant with YAHWEH that he made with his perfectly free will. Adam cannot blame anyone but himself for such a willful disobedience.
2. Adam made the covenant with YAHWEH not just an individual, but as a federal head for the whole human race after him. Thus, Adam as a legal representative for the whole human race made the covenant with YAHWEH, Acts 17:26. Therefore when Adam disobeyed and committed the original sin against YAHWEH, in him all human race sinned the same original sin, Romans 5:12. In other words, all human race sinned against YAHWEH when Adam committed the original and threw out God-given spiritual gifts.
3. Therefore, even before I committed my own actual sin, when I was conceived as a descendant of Adam, I was already condemned as a guilty man before the living God, YAHWEH at the conception, Psalm 51:7; Romans 5:19. Definitely, by the righteous verdict I was condemned as guilty in the Heavenly Tribunal, 1 Corinthians 5:21-23.
4. In Adam, all of us committed the Original sin, and were condemned as guilty, and received our changed nature, that is, the original pollution of nature, the corrupt nature as its appropriate punishment in the Garden of Eden, Genesis 3:7.
5. YAHWEH did not created Adam and us in him to sin. Rather we are created in Adam, with him in true righteousness and holiness. But in Adam we freely made a covenant with YAHWEH, and freely we believed Satan’s temptation and lie as the truth, freely made a covenant with Satan, in the end, then we freely broke YAHWEH’s covenant of grace.)
Doctrinal Supplement
1. PELAGIANISM
Pelagianism derives its name from Pelagius (A.D. 354-420) who lived in the 5th century A.D. and was a teacher in Rome, though he was British by birth. It is a heresy dealing with the nature of man. Pelagius, whose family name was Morgan, taught that people had the ability to fulfill the commands of God by exercising the freedom of human will apart from the grace of God. In other words, a person’s free will is totally capable of choosing God and/or to do good or bad without the aid of Divine intervention. Pelagianism teaches that man’s nature is basically good. Thus it denies original sin, the doctrine that we have inherited a sinful nature from Adam. He said that Adam only hurt himself when he fell, and all of his descendants were not affected by Adam’s sin. Pelagius taught that a person is born with the same purity and moral abilities as Adam was when he was first made by God. He taught that people can choose God by the exercise of their free will and rational thought. God’s grace, then, is merely an aid to help individuals come to Him.
Pelagianism fails to understand man’s nature and weakness. We are by nature sinners (Eph. 2:3; Psalm 51:5). We all have sinned because sin entered the world through Adam: “Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to all men, because all sinned” (Rom. 5:12, NIV). Furthermore, Romans 3:10-12 says, “There is none righteous, not even one; 11 There is none who understands, There is none who seeks for God; 12 All have turned aside, together they have become useless; There is none who does good, There is not even one.” Therefore, we are unable to do God’s will (Rom. 6:16; 7:14). We were affected by the fall of Adam–contrary to what Pelagius taught.
Condemned as heresy at the Council of Carthage (A.D.418), Ratified at the Council of Ephesus (A.D.431)
2. SEMI-PELAGIANISM
Semi-Pelagianism is a weaker form of Pelagianism (a heresy derived from Pelagius who lived in the 5th century A.D. and was a teacher in Rome). Semi-Pelagianism (advocated by Cassian at Marseilles, 5th Century) did not deny original sin and its effects upon the human soul and will; but, it taught thatGod and man cooperate to achieve man’s salvation. This cooperation is not by human effort as in keeping the law but rather in the ability of a person to make a free will choice. The semi-Pelagian teaches that man can make the first move toward God by seeking God out of his own free will, and that man can cooperate with God’s grace even to the keeping of his faith through human effort. This would mean that God responds to the initial effort of person, and that God’s grace is not absolutely necessary to maintain faith.
The problem is that this is no longer grace. Grace is the completely unmerited and freely given favor of God upon the sinner; but, if man is the one who first seeks God, then God is responding to the good effort of seeking him. This would mean that God is offering a proper response to the initial effort of man. This is not grace but what is due the person who chooses to believe in God apart from God’s initial effort.
• Semi-Pelagianism says the sinner has the ability to initiate belief in God.
• Semi-Pelagianism says God’s grace is a response to man’s initial effort.
• Semi-Pelagianism denies predestination.
Semi-Pelagianism was condemned at the Council of Orange in 529.
3. ARMINIANISM
Arminianism is a theological system that was begun by James Arminius, a Dutch pastor and theologian. There are five main tenets of Arminianism: 1)God elects or reproves on the basis of foreseen faith or unbelief, 2) Christ died for all men and for every man although only believers are saved, 3) Man is so depraved that divine grace is necessary unto faith or any good deed, 4) This grace may be resisted, 5) Whether all who are truly regenerate will certainly persevere in the faith is a point which needs further investigation.
Condemned at the Synod of Dort (A.D. Nov. 13,1618 – May 9,1619)